Bibliography

Sources and References
For "My Dad — One of the Chosin Few"
The Story of Corporal Norman A. Heuring
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This bibliography documents the primary and secondary sources used in researching and writing the account of Corporal Norman A. Heuring's service at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir. The sources include official military documents from the National Archives, scholarly historical works, personal accounts from survivors, and contemporary military records. Many of these documents were classified for fifty years and only became available to researchers in the early 2000s.

Primary Sources

Official Military Records (National Archives)

Operations Order O-25, RCT 31
Korea 1:50,000 map series
November 27, 1950
Declassified under Authority NND 745074
National Archives
Headquarters, 31st Infantry - Command Report: 1–4 December 1950
Dated: March 10, 1951
Declassified under Authority NND 745074
National Archives
31st Infantry Regimental Combat Team - Command Report: 1–11 December 1950
Dated: March 11, 1951
Declassified under Authority NND 745074
National Archives
31st RCT Journal (S-1 Log), Untaek, Korea
Pages 56–59
November–December 1950
Declassified under Authority NND 745074
National Archives
Drake, Robert E.
Operations Summary, 25 November to 11 December 1950
Tank Company, 31st Infantry Regiment
December 12, 1950
National Archives

Personal Accounts and After-Action Reports

Anderson, Lieutenant Colonel Berry K.
Report on Operations, 31st Infantry
Undated interview transcript [circa December 1950-March 1951]
National Archives
Rasula, Captain George A.
Summary of Operations in the Chosin Reservoir Area
Undated personal account [circa 1951]
National Archives
Kitz, Captain Robert J.
Company K After-Action Statement
Personal account describing the actions of Company K, 3rd Battalion, 31st Regiment during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir
Referenced in multiple historical accounts of RCT-31

Secondary Sources

Scholarly Histories and Monographs

Appleman, Roy E.
East of Chosin: Entrapment and Breakout in Korea, 1950
College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1987
ISBN: 0-89096-294-4
The definitive scholarly work on the Army's role at Chosin Reservoir, based on extensive archival research and survivor interviews. Appleman was the official U.S. Army historian for the Korean War.
Vallowe, Ray C.
What History Failed to Record: A Phantom Force East of the Changjin (Chosin) Reservoir?
Self-published, 2013
Critical firsthand account by Corporal Ray C. Vallowe, who served with the Wire Section, Headquarters Battery, 57th Field Artillery Battalion. Vallowe was wounded and evacuated from Hagaru-ri on December 3, 1950. His account provides the artillery/support unit perspective that complements infantry accounts, documenting the fifty-year classification of key documents, the tank company withdrawal from Hudong-ni, communications failures, and the systematic cover-up that hid command failures. Vallowe's work includes extensive quotations from Captain Kitz and other survivors, official command reports, and declassified documents from the National Archives. Essential reading for understanding what support units experienced during the battle and why the truth remained hidden for decades.
Vogel, Steve
A Task Force Called Faith: The Untold Story of the U.S. Army Soldiers Who Fought for Survival at Chosin Reservoir—and Honor Back Home
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2024
ISBN: 978-1493092895
Recent comprehensive account that draws on newly declassified documents and extensive survivor interviews to restore the historical reputation of RCT-31.

Reference Works and Historical Context

Rasula, Colonel George A. (USA, Ret.)
The Changjin Journal
76 chapters, ongoing publication
Comprehensive compilation of documents, accounts, and analysis of the Chosin Reservoir campaign, with particular attention to the Army units east of the reservoir.
Battle of Chosin Reservoir
Wikipedia
Accessed December 2024
Comprehensive overview article with extensive citations to primary and secondary sources
Task Force Faith
Wikipedia
Accessed December 2024
Detailed article on RCT-31/Task Force Faith with casualty statistics and operational timeline

Archival Collections

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
Record Group 407: Records of the Adjutant General's Office
Korean War After-Action Reports and Unit Journals
College Park, Maryland

Contains the declassified official records of RCT-31, 7th Infantry Division, and X Corps operations during the Chosin Reservoir campaign. Many documents were classified "Secret" for fifty years before being released under declassification authority NND 745074.
U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center (AHEC)
Carlisle, Pennsylvania
Korean War Veterans Survey Collection
Personal papers and oral histories from Korean War veterans

Maps and Visual Materials

Appleman, Roy E.
"31st RCT Positions, 27 November 1950" (Map 7)
From: East of Chosin: Entrapment and Breakout in Korea, 1950
Texas A&M University Press, 1987
Detailed tactical map showing the deployment of RCT-31 units east of the Chosin Reservoir

Online Resources

The Army at Chosin
31rct.tripod.com
Comprehensive website dedicated to preserving the history of the 31st RCT, including casualty lists, morning reports, and personal stories from survivors and their families.
Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA)
dpaa.mil
Official records of personnel missing in action from the Chosin Reservoir campaign, including ongoing recovery and identification efforts.
The Chosin Few
chosinreservoir.com
Official website of The Chosin Few veterans organization, preserving the history and honoring those who fought at Chosin Reservoir.

Acknowledgments

This account would not have been possible without the decades of work by military historians, archivists, and survivors who refused to let the truth about RCT-31 remain buried. Special recognition is due to:

The historical vindication of RCT-31, culminating in the Navy Presidential Unit Citation awarded in 2000, stands as a testament to the power of historical truth and the importance of preserving accurate military records.

Note on Sources

The majority of official military records cited in this account remained classified as "Secret" for fifty years following the battle. The declassification of these documents beginning in the late 1990s and early 2000s fundamentally changed the historical understanding of what transpired at Chosin Reservoir. Earlier accounts, including official Marine Corps histories, were written without access to these critical Army records and thus provided an incomplete—and often inaccurate—picture of RCT-31's role in the battle.

Personal accounts from survivors, while invaluable for understanding the human experience of the battle, must be read with the understanding that these men experienced extreme trauma, sleep deprivation, and hypothermia during the events they describe. Where possible, personal accounts have been corroborated with official unit records and multiple witness testimonies.

For Researchers: Researchers interested in accessing the original documents cited in this account should contact the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in College Park, Maryland. Many documents are now available through NARA's online catalog. The U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, also maintains relevant materials in their Korean War collections.